解剖学和形态学
麻醉学
听力与言语-语言病理学
行为科学
心脏和心血管系统
细胞和组织工程学
临床神经病学
危重症监护医学
牙科,口腔外科和医学
皮肤病学
急诊医学
内分泌学和新陈代谢
肠胃学和肝脏学
老人病学和老年医学
卫生保健科学和服务
血液学
免疫学
传染病
综合和补充性医学
医学伦理学
医学信息学
医学实验室技术
医学,全科和内科
医学,法律
医学,研究和试验
神经系统科学
护理
营养学和饮食学
产科医学和妇科医学
肿瘤学
眼科学
整形外科学
耳鼻喉科学
病理学
儿科学
周围血管疾病
药理学和药剂学
生理学
基本医疗保健
精神病学
公共、环境和职业卫生
放射学,核医学和医学成像
康复学
生殖生物学
呼吸系统
风湿病学
运动科学
外科学
毒理学
热带医学
泌尿学和肾脏学
病毒学
老年医学
健康政策和服务
心理学,临床
abstract::Competition among individuals is central to our understanding of ecology and population dynamics. However, it could also have major implications for the evolution of resource-dependent life history traits (for example, growth, fecundity) that are important determinants of fitness in natural populations. This is becaus...
journal_title:Heredity
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1038/hdy.2013.7
更新日期:2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Several studies on 5S ribosomal DNA (5S rDNA) have been focused on a subset of the following features in mostly one organism: number of copies, pseudogenes, secondary structure, promoter and terminator characteristics, genomic arrangements, types of non-transcribed spacers and evolution. In this work, we systematicall...
journal_title:Heredity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/hdy.2013.63
更新日期:2013-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::We conducted controlled crosses in populations of the long-lived clonal shrub, Vaccinium angustifolium (lowbush blueberry) to estimate inbreeding depression and mutation parameters associated with somatic deleterious mutation. Inbreeding depression level was high, with many plants failing to set fruit after self-polli...
journal_title:Heredity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/hdy.2013.57
更新日期:2013-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Connectivity is widely recognized as an important component in developing effective management and conservation strategies. Although managers are generally most interested in demographic, rather than genetic connectivity, new analytic approaches are able to provide estimates of both demographic and genetic connectivit...
journal_title:Heredity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/hdy.2013.58
更新日期:2013-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Insect cuticle melanism is linked to a number of life-history traits, and a positive relationship is hypothesized between melanism and the strength of immune defense. In this study, the phenotypic and genetic relationships between cuticular melanization, innate immune defense, individual development time and body size...
journal_title:Heredity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/hdy.2013.20
更新日期:2013-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Genetic effects of habitat fragmentation may be undetectable because they are generally a recent event in evolutionary time or because of confounding effects such as historical bottlenecks and historical changes in species' distribution. To assess the effects of demographic history on the genetic diversity and populat...
journal_title:Heredity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/hdy.2013.23
更新日期:2013-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::We present an approach for quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping, termed as 'lineage-specific QTL mapping', for inferring allelic changes of QTL evolution along with branches in a phylogeny. We describe and analyze the simplest case: by adding a third taxon into the normal procedure of QTL mapping between pairs of ta...
journal_title:Heredity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/hdy.2013.24
更新日期:2013-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Host-plant resistance is an effective method for controlling soybean aphid (Aphis glycines Matsumura), the most damaging insect pest of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) in North America. Recently, resistant soybean lines have been discovered and at least four aphid resistance genes (Rag1, Rag2, Rag3 and rag4) have bee...
journal_title:Heredity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/hdy.2013.10
更新日期:2013-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Prevention of malaria transmission throughout much of Africa is dependent on bednets that are impregnated with pyrethroid insecticides. Anopheles arabiensis is the major malaria vector in Chad and efforts to control this vector are threatened by the emergence of pyrethroid resistance. WHO bioassays revealed that An. a...
journal_title:Heredity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/hdy.2012.112
更新日期:2013-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Assessing in wild populations how fitness is impacted by inbreeding and genetic drift is a major goal for conservation biology. An approach to measure the detrimental effects of inbreeding on fitness is to estimate correlations between molecular variation and phenotypic performances within and among populations. Our s...
journal_title:Heredity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/hdy.2012.110
更新日期:2013-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Segregation distortion is the phenomenon whereby the observed genotypic frequencies of a locus fall outside the expected Mendelian segregation ratio, and it is increasingly recognised as a potentially powerful evolutionary force. The main reason for segregation distortion is a difference in the viability of gametes an...
journal_title:Heredity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/hdy.2012.89
更新日期:2013-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Hybrid zones provide excellent opportunities to study processes and mechanisms underlying reproductive isolation and speciation. Here we investigated sex-specific clines of molecular markers in hybrid zones of morphologically cryptic yet genetically highly-diverged evolutionary lineages of the European common vole (Mi...
journal_title:Heredity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/hdy.2012.124
更新日期:2013-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::We have constructed a linkage map for the peppered moth (Biston betularia), the classical ecological genetics model of industrial melanism, aimed both at localizing the network of loci controlling melanism and making inferences about chromosome dynamics. The linkage map, which is based primarily on amplified fragment ...
journal_title:Heredity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/hdy.2012.84
更新日期:2013-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::I made use of the known dates of reclamation (and of afforestations) in the IJsselmeerpolders in The Netherlands to assess evolutionary adaptation in Cepaea nemoralis. At 12 localities (three in each polder), I sampled a total of 4390 adult individuals in paired open and shaded habitats, on average 233 m apart, and sc...
journal_title:Heredity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/hdy.2012.74
更新日期:2013-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Many herbicide-resistant weed species are polyploids, but far too little about the evolution of resistance mutations in polyploids is understood. Hexaploid wild oat (Avena fatua) is a global crop weed and many populations have evolved herbicide resistance. We studied plastidic acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase (ACCase)-in...
journal_title:Heredity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/hdy.2012.69
更新日期:2013-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Understanding how geographical and environmental features affect genetic variation at both the population and individual levels is crucial in biology, especially in the case of pathogens. However, distinguishing between these factors and the effects of historical range expansion on spatial genetic structure remains ch...
journal_title:Heredity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/hdy.2012.55
更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Maternal inheritance is one of the hallmarks of animal mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and central to its success as a molecular marker. This mode of inheritance and subsequent lack of heterologous recombination allows us to retrace evolutionary relationships unambiguously down the matriline and without the confounding effe...
journal_title:Heredity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/hdy.2012.60
更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Knowledge of the degree of temporal stability of population genetic structure and composition is important for understanding microevolutionary processes and addressing issues of human impact of natural populations. We know little about how representative single samples in time are to reflect population genetic constit...
journal_title:Heredity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/hdy.2012.36
更新日期:2012-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::A type of lower motor neuron (LMN) disease inherited as autosomal recessive in Romney sheep was characterized with normal appearance at birth, but with progressive weakness and tetraparesis after the first week of life. Here, we carried out genome-wide homozygosity mapping using Illumina Ovine SNP50 BeadChips on lambs...
journal_title:Heredity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/hdy.2012.23
更新日期:2012-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Among the asexual reproductive modes, androgenesis is probably one of the most astonishing and least studied mechanisms. In this 'paternal monopolization', the maternal nuclear genome fails to participate in zygote development and offspring are paternal nuclear clones. Obligate androgenesis is known in only a few orga...
journal_title:Heredity
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1038/hdy.2012.3
更新日期:2012-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Recent studies in empirical population genetics have highlighted the importance of taking into account both neutral and adaptive genetic variation in characterizing microevolutionary dynamics. Here, we explore the genetic population structure and the footprints of selection in four populations of the warm-temperate co...
journal_title:Heredity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/hdy.2011.120
更新日期:2012-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Genetic data have been widely used to reconstruct the demographic history of populations, including the estimation of migration rates, divergence times and relative admixture contribution from different populations. Recently, increasing interest has been given to the ability of genetic data to distinguish alternative ...
journal_title:Heredity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/hdy.2011.116
更新日期:2012-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Recent evidence suggests the frequent occurrence of a simple non-Darwinian (but non-Lamarckian) model for the evolution of adaptive phenotypic traits, here entitled the plasticity-relaxation-mutation (PRM) mechanism. This mechanism involves ancestral phenotypic plasticity followed by specialization in one alternative ...
journal_title:Heredity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/hdy.2011.97
更新日期:2012-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::We dissected the relationship between genetic differentiation (Q(ST)) for a trait and its underlying genes (G(STq), differentiation for a quantitative locus) in an evolutionary context, with the aim of identifying the conditions in which these two measurements are decoupled. We used two parameters (θ(B) and θ(W)) scal...
journal_title:Heredity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/hdy.2011.81
更新日期:2012-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::A penalized maximum likelihood method has been proposed as an important approach to the detection of epistatic quantitative trait loci (QTL). However, this approach is not optimal in two special situations: (1) closely linked QTL with effects in opposite directions and (2) small-effect QTL, because the method produces...
journal_title:Heredity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/hdy.2011.86
更新日期:2012-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Quantifying the effect of pollen dispersal and flowering traits on mating success is essential for understanding evolutionary responses to changing environments and establishing strategies for forest tree breeding. This study examined, quantitatively, the effects of male fecundity, interindividual distance and anisotr...
journal_title:Heredity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/hdy.2011.76
更新日期:2012-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Genomic rearrangements can result in losses, amplifications, translocations and inversions of DNA fragments thereby modifying genome architecture, and potentially having clinical consequences. Many genomic disorders caused by structural variation have initially been uncovered by early cytogenetic methods. The last dec...
journal_title:Heredity
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1038/hdy.2011.100
更新日期:2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::As important as the events that influence selection for specific chromosome types in the derivation of novel karyotypes, are the events that initiate the changes in chromosome number and structure between species, and likewise polymorphisms, variants and disease states within species. Although once thought of as trans...
journal_title:Heredity
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1038/hdy.2011.104
更新日期:2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::A cline in the frequency of melanic morphs of the two-spot ladybird, Adalia bipunctata, was first surveyed in 1980 along a transect extending inland from the coast in the Netherlands. At that time, the frequency of melanics increased over some 40 km from 10% near the coast to nearly 60% inland. Additional surveys made...
journal_title:Heredity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/hdy.2011.49
更新日期:2011-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::There is great uncertainty about how Ireland attained its current fauna and flora. Long-distance human-mediated colonization from southwestern Europe has been seen as a possible way that Ireland obtained many of its species; however, Britain has (surprisingly) been neglected as a source area for Ireland. The pygmy shr...
journal_title:Heredity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/hdy.2011.41
更新日期:2011-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Genetic analyses of population structure can be placed in explicit environmental contexts if appropriate environmental data are available. Here, we use high-coverage and high-resolution oceanographic and genetic sequence data to assess population structure patterns and their potential environmental influences for hump...
journal_title:Heredity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/hdy.2011.21
更新日期:2011-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Principal components analysis of genetic data is used to avoid inflation in type I error rates in association testing due to population stratification by covariate adjustment using the top eigenvectors and to estimate cluster or group membership independent of self-reported or ethnic identities. Eigendecomposition tra...
journal_title:Heredity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/hdy.2011.26
更新日期:2011-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Phlebotomus ariasi is one of the two sandflies transmitting the causative agent of zoonotic leishmaniasis, Leishmania infantum, in France and Iberia, and provides a rare case study of the postglacial re-colonization of France by a Mediterranean species. Four DNA sequences were analysed-mitochondrial cytochrome b (cyt ...
journal_title:Heredity
pub_type: 历史文章,杂志文章
doi:10.1038/hdy.2010.111
更新日期:2011-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Invasive hybrids and their spread dynamics pose unique opportunities to study evolutionary processes. Invasive hybrids of native Spartina foliosa and introduced S. alterniflora have expanded throughout San Francisco Bay intertidal habitats within the past 35 years by deliberate plantation and seeds floating on the tid...
journal_title:Heredity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/hdy.2010.63
更新日期:2011-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pigmentation is one of the most variable traits within and between Drosophila species. Much of this diversity appears to be adaptive, with environmental factors often invoked as selective forces. Here, we describe the geographic structure of pigmentation in Drosophila americana and evaluate the hypothesis that it is a...
journal_title:Heredity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/hdy.2010.90
更新日期:2011-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Temperature-dependent sex determination (TSD) was first reported in 1966 in an African lizard. It has since been shown that TSD occurs in some fish, several lizards, tuataras, numerous turtles and all crocodilians. Extreme temperatures can also cause sex reversal in several amphibians and lizards with genotypic sex de...
journal_title:Heredity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/hdy.2010.102
更新日期:2011-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The ecological theory of adaptive radiation predicts that the evolution of phenotypic diversity within species is generated by divergent natural selection arising from different environments and competition between species. Genetic connectivity among populations is likely also to have an important role in both the ori...
journal_title:Heredity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/hdy.2010.161
更新日期:2011-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effect of selection on patterns of genetic structure within and between populations may be studied by contrasting observed patterns at the genes targeted by selection with those of unlinked neutral marker loci. Local directional selection on target genes will produce stronger population genetic structure than at n...
journal_title:Heredity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/hdy.2010.68
更新日期:2011-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::It has been proposed that the distribution patterns and coalescence ages found in Europeans for mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroups V, H1 and H3 are the result of a post-glacial expansion from a Franco-Cantabrian refuge that recolonized central and northern areas. In contrast, in this refined mtDNA study of the Cant...
journal_title:Heredity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/hdy.2010.47
更新日期:2011-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Understanding genetic mechanisms of self-incompatibility (SI) and how they evolve is central to understanding the mating behaviour of most outbreeding angiosperms. Sporophytic SI (SSI) is controlled by a single multi-allelic locus, S, which is expressed in the diploid (sporophyte) plant to determine the SI phenotype o...
journal_title:Heredity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/hdy.2010.29
更新日期:2011-01-01 00:00:00